{"id":8479,"date":"2023-04-04T10:36:15","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T03:36:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/?p=8479"},"modified":"2023-04-04T10:36:33","modified_gmt":"2023-04-04T03:36:33","slug":"cache","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/news\/cache\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache &#038; t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 website tr\u00ean NGINX"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a internet v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trang web l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 website \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cache. Cache l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00fap l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 trang web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i nhanh h\u01a1n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp l\u1ea1i trang \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache tr\u00ean NGINX, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a website.<\/p>\n<h3>Cache trong NGINX l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h3>\n<p>Cache trong NGINX l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean web tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a trang web. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u1ee7a NGINX. Khi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, NGINX s\u1ebd truy xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1ed1c. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cache c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i trang web v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 cache kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3>NGINX quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cache ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng cache th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n<p>NGINX quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cache ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng cache m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean web d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m URL, ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n trong URL.<\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u1ee7a NGINX, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, NGINX s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u00f3 thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1ed1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n sao n\u00e0o trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache, NGINX s\u1ebd g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 proxy c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, NGINX kh\u00f4ng cache t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i GET ho\u1eb7c HEAD, c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p cache ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache c\u1ee7a NGINX.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cache-placement-ec2-topology.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8480\" src=\"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/cache-placement-ec2-topology.png\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache &amp; t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 website tr\u00ean NGINX 2\" width=\"768\" height=\"367\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn theo d\u00f5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cache trong NGINX<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cache, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh sau \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean command line:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>perl<\/p>\n<p>sudo nginx -V 2&gt;&amp;1 | grep -o with-http_stub_status_module sudo nginx -t &amp;&amp; sudo nginx -s reload sudo curl -s http:\/\/localhost\/nginx_status | grep 'cache' -A 2<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cache:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>perl<\/p>\n<p>sudo nginx -t &amp;&amp; sudo nginx -s reload sudo curl -s http:\/\/localhost\/nginx_status | grep 'cache' -A 10<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 cache nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb cache, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong cache.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba nh\u01b0 New Relic hay Datadog \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cache c\u1ee7a NGINX.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NGINX cache<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache trong NGINX, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t nginx<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t NGINX tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>sql<\/p>\n<p>sudo apt update sudo apt install nginx<\/p>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: T\u1ea1o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c cache<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean web. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh sau:<\/p>\n<p>bash<\/p>\n<p>sudo mkdir -p \/var\/cache\/nginx sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/cache\/nginx<\/p>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache trong file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a NGINX<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a NGINX \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache. M\u1edf file <strong>\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u00eam c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng sau v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n <strong>http<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>kotlin<\/p>\n<p>proxy_cache_path \/var\/cache\/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m inactive=60m; proxy_cache_key \"$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri\";<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>proxy_cache_path<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c cache v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn cache nh\u01b0 <strong>levels<\/strong> (s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c con \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o), <strong>keys_zone<\/strong> (t\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a cache) v\u00e0 <strong>inactive<\/strong> (th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache).<\/li>\n<li><strong>proxy_cache_key<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o kh\u00f3a cache cho m\u1ed7i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 <strong>scheme<\/strong> (http ho\u1eb7c https), <strong>request_method<\/strong> (GET ho\u1eb7c POST), <strong>host<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>request_uri<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean web \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn sau v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n <strong>location<\/strong> c\u1ee7a file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<p>proxy_cache my_cache; proxy_cache_valid 200 60m; proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>proxy_cache<\/strong>: Cho ph\u00e9p cache cho t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>proxy_cache_valid<\/strong>: Cho ph\u00e9p cache cho c\u00e1c m\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i HTTP nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong cache.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn cache kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i NGINX<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i NGINX \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh sau:<\/p>\n<p>sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean web s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache c\u1ee7a NGINX c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a NGINX v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/G41Xi.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8481\" src=\"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/G41Xi.png\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache &amp; t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 website tr\u00ean NGINX 23\" width=\"1000\" height=\"520\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<h3>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cache v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 website<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cache v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 website, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cache: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong cache. Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t sao cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean theo hash: K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00ean file cache ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng cache c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gzip \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: N\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean web tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong cache. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i trang web.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Content Delivery Network (CDN): CDN gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i trang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i trang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u1edf xa.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HTTP\/2: HTTP\/2 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c HTTP v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HTTP\/2 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i trang v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ea3i trang nh\u01b0 Google PageSpeed Insights hay GTmetrix gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho trang web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/nginx-reverse-proxy-diagram.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8483\" src=\"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/nginx-reverse-proxy-diagram.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache &amp; t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 website tr\u00ean NGINX 4\" width=\"618\" height=\"328\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<h3>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Reverse Proxy Cache tr\u00ean Nginx<\/h3>\n<p>Reverse Proxy Cache l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf cache m\u00e0 Nginx s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 back-end c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Reverse Proxy Cache tr\u00ean Nginx kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap cho website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Reverse Proxy Cache tr\u00ean Nginx:<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Nginx:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Nginx, h\u00e3y c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Nginx tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Nginx \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Reverse Proxy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u1edf file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Nginx, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf, v\u00e0 th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh sau v\u00e0o trong server block:<\/p>\n<p>perl<\/p>\n<p>server { listen 80; server_name example.com; location \/ { proxy_pass http:\/\/backend_server; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_cache_bypass $http_pragma; proxy_cache_revalidate on; proxy_cache_min_uses 1; proxy_cache_methods GET HEAD POST; proxy_cache_valid 200 1d; proxy_cache_valid 404 1m; } }<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>listen<\/strong>: Port c\u1ee7a server.<\/li>\n<li><strong>server_name<\/strong>: T\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a server.<\/li>\n<li><strong>proxy_pass<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 URL c\u1ee7a server back-end.<\/li>\n<li><strong>proxy_set_header<\/strong>: Th\u00f4ng tin header.<\/li>\n<li><strong>proxy_cache_bypass<\/strong>: Cho ph\u00e9p cache tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb x\u00f3a khi header c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a pragma.<\/li>\n<li><strong>proxy_cache_revalidate<\/strong>: Cho ph\u00e9p proxy server ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cache nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>proxy_cache_min_uses<\/strong>: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong cache.<\/li>\n<li><strong>proxy_cache_methods<\/strong>: C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c HTTP cho ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong cache.<\/li>\n<li><strong>proxy_cache_valid<\/strong>: C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong cache v\u1edbi status code t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i Nginx:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i Nginx \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh sau:<\/p>\n<p>sudo nginx -t &amp;&amp; sudo nginx -s reload<\/p>\n<p>Khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Reverse Proxy Cache tr\u00ean Nginx, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Nginx t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 back-end, v\u00e0 Nginx s\u1ebd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 back-end c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n<p>Cache l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 back-end c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Nginx l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cache t\u1ed1t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean Nginx, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 back-end c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Reverse Proxy Cache \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 back-end c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Reverse Proxy Cache, Nginx s\u1ebd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 back-end. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 back-end c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache v\u00e0 Reverse Proxy Cache tr\u00ean Nginx kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap cho website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tg_wrap_cbsv\" style=\"margin: 20px 0px; border-radius: 4px; border: 2px solid #FF9966;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0px; background-color: #ff9966; color: #000; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; font-size: 19px; padding: 12px 20px; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">T\u1eb7ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed b\u1ed9 Plugin 359$ gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u SEO website<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"textwidget\" style=\"padding: 20px; background: #FFCC99;\">\n<p>B\u1ed9 3 plugin TENTEN t\u1eb7ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rank Math Pro - T\u1ed1i \u01b0u SEO<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>WP rocket - T\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i trang<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Imagify - N\u00e9n dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng khi \u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u1edbi Hosting\/ Email Server!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>S\u1edf h\u1eefu ngay b\u1ed9 3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap website c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ONTOP GOOGLE!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #055ae3;\"><a class=\"btn_combi_sv\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #055ae3; padding: 8px 26px 8px 60px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; border-radius: 56px; text-shadow: none; background: #ff9966; display: table; margin: 0px auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/tenten.vn\/hosting\/tong-hop-uu-dai?code=zZPxtXpKTCovQNcM&amp;idCampaign=2712\">NH\u1eacN B\u1ed8 PLUGIN SEO MI\u1ec4N PH\u00cd T\u1ea0I \u0110\u00c2Y<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4>C\u00e1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cc\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cache\u201d<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u1ea5u\u00a0h\u00ecnh\u00a0Nginx<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>File config NGINX<\/td>\n<td>Nginx config l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nginx c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<td>Location trong Nginx<\/td>\n<td>Config default nginx<\/td>\n<td>Hosting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>B\u00e0i li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"title-article\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/news\/nginx\/\">NGINX l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t &amp; c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh NGINX chi ti\u1ebft<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/support\/kusanagi\/huong-dan-cau-hinh-nginx-redirect-www-sang-non-www-va-nguoc-lai\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Nginx redirect www sang non-www v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/support\/kusanagi\/fix-loi-nginx-khi-xoa-hoac-doi-ten-thu-muc-domain-trong-kusanagi-cloud\/\">Fix l\u1ed7i nginx khi xo\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c domain trong Kusanagi Cloud<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"post_title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tenten.vn\/tin-tuc\/fix-loi-nginx-khi-xoa-hoac-doi-ten-thu-muc-domain-trong-kusanagi-cloud\/\">Fix l\u1ed7i nginx khi xo\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c domain trong Kusanagi Cloud<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"post_title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tenten.vn\/tin-tuc\/huong-dan-cai-dat-chung-chi-ssl-tren-nginx\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 SSL tr\u00ean Nginx<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"title-article\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.z.com\/vn\/news\/modsecurity\/\">Modsecurity l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Modsecurity, Nginx Modsecurity<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a internet v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trang web l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. 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